90 Popular Expressions and Idioms in French

Rhetorical Analysis Of Booker T. Washington - 815 Words

Two great leaders in the late 19th and 20th century of the black community were W.E.B. Du Bois and Booker T. Washington. Even after of slavery, African Americans fought for their equal rights and opportunities. During the time of unfair treatments, few people found the courage to speak out on their beliefs for a change. Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois regularly coherent their opinions and stand for what they believe is right. However, they sharply disagreed on strategies for black social and economic progress. Their opposing personality, philosophies, and legacy can be found in much of today s discussions over how to end class and racial injustice. The debate between Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois involve people at all levels of the black community. It shaped the way that black leaders discussed race, and its opened new opportunities for poor blacks in both the North and South. These two places in particular because that’s where the two were born. W. E. B. Du Bois was born in Massachusetts in 1868. He attended racially integrated elementary and high schools and went off to Fiske College in Tennessee at age 16 on a scholarship. Du Bois completed his formal education at Harvard with a Ph.D. in history. On the other hand, Booker T. Washington was born a slave in Virginia in 1856. Early on in his life, he developed a thirst for reading and learning. After attending an elementary school for African-American children, Washington walked 500 miles to enroll inShow MoreRelatedRhetorical Analysis Of Booker T. Washington2458 Words   |  10 Pageswhich people influence or persuade one another and it can be found everywhere from television ads to Facebook posts. I have chosen to analyze my personal writing to examine how my rhetorical choices change when I am writing across different platforms such as e-mail, class papers and a class review post? From my analysis, I have found that my writing style changes to adapt to the purpose and audience of the writing across the different platforms. A Class Paper Always being interested in American history

Brand Recognition and Brand Loyalty Free Essays

Brand Recognition in relation to Brand Loyalty Introduction â€Å"Brands are the most valuable intangible asset for companies† claims Bayu Sutikno of the University of Gadjah Mada in Indonesia (2011, p. 319). The world is filled with brands and everyone is trying to portray a message. We will write a custom essay sample on Brand Recognition and Brand Loyalty or any similar topic only for you Order Now It is the job of the consumer to decide what brand they prefer and what brand they do not care for. Likewise it is the job of the marketer to persuade the behavior of the 7 billion consumers in the world everyday. Out of that persuasion, marketers create a following of such brands, which results in brand loyalty in the end resulting in profitability for the producers and satisfaction for the consumer. The Design The design of the brand is the first aspect a consumer will recognize. Consumers are trained to look for details in brands and the products produced and consciously, and more often unconsciously, make inferences about a brand and/or product presented (Karjalainen and Snelders, 2010, p. 7). There are two main ideas behind the design of a brand, the values it portrays and the physical layout that is presented. The values portion is most important because it creates connection with the consumer but physical looks can attract new consumers before they can infer said values of a brand. Values can be noticeable as simply as in the brand logo or more difficult what a brand stands for on an emotional level. One example of values represented in the brand slogan is that of Caterpillar, the heavy equipment manufacturer and their newly developed clothing and apparel line. Karjalainen and Snelders, authors of â€Å"Designing Visual Recognition for the Brand,† explain Caterpillar’s slogan, â€Å"Industry leading comfort and performance† (2010, p. ). From their boots to t-shirts to trucks and loaders, they focus on creating comfort for the consumer. For example, in the boots, they add soft insoles and added insulation and then to the equipment, they created soft interiors with noise and dust preventative measures (2010, p. 6). Just through their slogan, they communicate with people that their brand is going to be the most comfortable and then they back it up by taking measures to incorporate those values into their products. Communication of such values is best done the physical layout and representation of the brand. The Volvo and Nokia case, described by Karjalainen and Snelders, highlights the importance of implicit and explicit features of brands and products. Implicit features are the features that are subtle and not always stand out to the consumer but can have an unconscious effect of delight or disgust. While on the other hand, explicit features are the major features that are visually appealing or unappealing to the consumer. They emphasize the importance that lead products that are going to be the representation of your brand must focus on the features and the features must to tied to the values you aim to achieve (2010, p. ). Tina Lowrey’s article, â€Å"The Relationship between Script Complexity and Commercial Memorability,† concurs and differs with the same ideas as Karjalainen and Snelders. Lowrey states that if a message is too complex the consumer will not be able to recall all the features and thus most likely forget the product. But if the message is simple then con sumers can recall products easier (Lowrey 2006, p. 8). . Also she states that the use of single/limited words then consumer can better associate brands and images (Lowrey 2006, p. 8). The Self Cornwall’s, et al. , article, â€Å"Sponsorship-Linked Marketing: The Role of Articulation in Memory† mentions the role of sponsorship in NASCAR and how they use brands such as â€Å"Texaco† who would be closely associated with racing, but they also use brands such as â€Å"Cheerios,† who has nothing to do with racing cars (2006, p. 312). But through sponsoship, many people see these brands and the imagery creates links in the consumers mind. As Corwall, et al. , goes on to explains that it is the role of the marketer to create connections How to cite Brand Recognition and Brand Loyalty, Essay examples

Famous Leader Analysis- Richard Branson free essay sample

There are so many things going on around the world and only so many hours in the day. - Richard Branson. Richard Branson is a well known entrepreneur who dropped out of school at the age of 16 to start his first business, and became a millionaire by the age of 24. He flies around the world in a balloon, breaks world records and likes dangerous stunts. He is an ultimate brand builder commonly associated with fun, adventure and success. He is a leader and driving force to around 250 companies, employing 8000 people around the world. He began his business with unique student magazine and a small mail order record company; today his businesses ranging from planes and trains to credit cards and bridal gowns. Branson believes in keeping things simple and that people are the foundations for corporation’s success. It took me years to work out the difference between net and gross, declares the man who has made ? 1bn with his Virgin Empire. In meetings I just used to say tell me if its good or bad news. Branson is fond of linking his business ventures to his own personal experience, bolstering his man of the people appeal. His jumpers, balloon escapades and stunts such as launching Virgin Brides in full matrimonial drag mean its difficult to associate him with the boardroom. ( Guardian on-line, The Observer, Lucy Siegle, When looking at Branson’s history, it’s clear that he has used a different leadership styles throughout his carrier. According to Daft (2002), leadership involves influence, it occurs among people, those people intentionally desire significant changes, and the changes reflect purposes shared by leaders and followers. The Virgin empire is one where the individual personality of Branson is stamped everywhere throughout the business, therefore, his values and goals are those which drive and permeate every element of the corporation. A review of transformational and charismatic leadership theories suggests that such leaders may achieve their impact by the creation of followers who personally identify with this style as well as with the work group they are with (Yukl, 1988). This personal identification with the leaders is due to his charismatic approach (Conger and Kanungo, 1998) and is based on referent power. The culture that Branson created, in other words Branson’s way of doing business, it’s strongly influenced by his personality and his unique leadership style. He uses different leadership styles depending on the situation. He seems to be very flexible in his appearance in public. His staffs tend to be loyal and increasingly wealthy. Will Whitehorn, often described as Bransons right-hand man, is very articulate about the companys environmental ambitions. About his boss, he says: He is ruthlessly capitalistic in business but socially communist and always has been. He is unique. According to Mintzberg (2004), you earn leadership from those you lead. He suggests that leadership is about gaining the respect of those who work for you, something which Branson seemed to do a lot in his career. Transformational leaders are often equated with those who can adapt quickly to change (Bass, 1985). Branson clearly showed his flexibility and success in adapting to changing organisational cultures as he bought new businesses and moved into new sectors, bringing his people with him. Bass and Avolio (1994) believe that transformational leaders behave in the ways that motivate and inspire those around them by providing meaning and challenge to their followers` work. Branson’s charismatic style of leadership is one that stems from a largely transformational approach to how he influences those in his organisation. He shows clear skills in his ability to read the emotions of others and to assess the mood of his own culture, while having tremendous skills in how he can adapt his style and approach to the particular situation or context he is in. His drive and determination to succeed has been a key element of his success, something that stems from a combination of genetics and family circumstances. When analysing Branson’s leadership style determination seems to be a core trait. His authority is extended by his colourful and charismatic personality and attention grabbing behaviour, both of which increased his visibility and appeal to staff and the public. As a leader he influences his followers to identify with the group goals and values by connecting their individual concept with an organisational goal. Branson’s drive and determination to succeed has been a key element of his success. â€Å"It has been like hitting up against a solid brick wall. All day and all night long, we battled to get through it. † Richard Branson. References Bass, B. M. (1985) Leadership and Performance beyond Expectation. New York : Free Press. Bass, B. M. Avolio, B. J. (1994) Improving Organizational Effectiveness Through Transformational Leadership. London: Sage Publications. Bertocci, D. I. 2009) Leadership in Organization, There Is a Difference between Leaders and Managers. Plymouth: University Press of America. Bryman,A. (1992) Charisma Leadership in Organisations. London: Sage Publications Ltd. Daft, R. L. (2008) The Leadership Experience. 4th edn. Ohio: Thompson South Western. BBC News Online (2004). Available at: http://news. bbc. co. uk/1/hi/uk/3693588. stm (Accessed: 11 April 2011). Siegle, L. (2002) Finance Innovator: Richard Branson, The Observer, 31 March. Mintzberg, H. (2004). Ideas about Management. Engaging leadership, Decision, Issue 5, 2004. Yukl, G. A. (2010) Leadership in Organizations. 7th edn. New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall. Yukl, G. A. (1989) Managerial Leadership. A review of theory and research. Journal of Management, 15, pp. 251-289. Conger, J. A. and Kanungo, R. N. (1998) The empowerment process: integrating theory and practice. Academy of Management Review, 3, pp. 471-482. Martinson, J. (2006) Thoroughly Postmodern Billionaire, The Guardian, 28 April, pp. 33. Zaleznik

The Great Gatsby - Jay Gatsby Character Analysis Essays

The Great Gatsby - Jay Gatsby Character Analysis Jay Gatsby was a very decent person despite most of his acquaintances and his occupation. Gatsby was relatively kind to everyone despite how anyone treated him. He was also a very altruistic person in what he did for people. Gatsby also was very determined to accomplish his dream. All Jay wanted was for the people around him to like and befriend him. Gatsby showed a certain amount of kindness to almost everyone he met. The way he hosted his parties showed this trait very well. His parties where open to anyone who wanted to attend no matter what his/her social class was. Gatsby's amiability was shown by the way that he befriended Nick and tried to make friends with other people without caring about their background. No matter how he was treated he did his best to be kind to almost everyone. Gatsby's parties showed how he would go out of his way in order to make others happy. Jay would throw extravagant parties just to have people come and enjoy themselves. He would also do his best to make Nick feel welcome in whatever setting they were in. Gatsby was living in New York in order to procure his dream. Jay has wanted to rekindle his relationship with Daisy so he moved close to her and did what ever he had to just to be alone with her. Gatsby spent a good portion of his life pursuing what he considered the ideal life, which consisted of Daisy, money, and happiness. Jay Gatsby was one of the best all around people in the novel. Even though he was a bootlegger and all his money was illegally made he still had more personality and class than any other socialite did in the book. Gatsby wanted people happy, and if they were happy he was happy.

Invisible Man Ralph Ellison, Reality vs Illusion essays

Invisible Man Ralph Ellison, Reality vs Illusion essays The Ralph Ellisons Invisible Man emphasizes on an African-American mans struggle in discovering his identity in society but spending a lifetime completely unnoticed by society. His constant destruction of himself puts the narrator in unwanted positions. While he has no true relation with any person who can envision him past there discrimination and stereotypes, the narrator is left broken in society. This purposeful theme of invisibility in the eyes of society begins with his belief on the perception of others. The society which he socializes in cannot accomplish perception on the narrators life but instead exploit and use him for there own personally gain. The narrator is naive and gullible with people. The narrator concludes an opposite belief of the advice from this Grandfather who recently passed away. The narrator illustrates equality within the race of whites and blacks, but his grandfather indirectly warns him about others and whites especially. In addition his personally ques t in life puts him in unstable situations where he is caught running from problems. Finally at the end of his quest he must stop and relates his journey to failure and the realization of invisibility with the society. Also his journey left him broken within his perceptive from the invisibility of societys perception. This purposeful theme of invisibility in the eyes of society begins with his belief on the perception of others. "to repress not only his emotions but his humanity . . . [to be] invisible, a walking personification of the Negative, . . . the mechanical man!" (pg 94) The society which he socializes in cannot accomplish perception on the narrators life but instead exploit and use him for there own personally gain. While he has no true relation with any person who can envision him past there discrimination and stereotypes, the narrator is left broken in society. The best relates to the Brotherhood when he was g...

The Effects of Peer to Peer File Sharing on The UK Music Essay

The Effects of Peer to Peer File Sharing on The UK Music - Essay Example The music industry and related associations would not be included in these statistics because research work has shown a great dichotomy (Alejandro, 2005). Experts have been cited as saying that filesharing becomes an illegal activity when copyright material is made available without the permission of the rights holders particularly recording studios in the music industry. In view of this argument, research findings have shown that filesharing involves trading of digital files with other users over the internet causing untold financial suffering to the affected companies and institutions. This act of Peer-to-Peer filesharing has received a widespread adoption and facilitation due to a number of factors. Firstly, the increasing Internet bandwidth and the widespread digitization of physical media files have substantially made home PCs capable of managing digitized audio and video files in a far much better way (Ethan, 2007). This has additionally made it relatively easy to transfer several files from one computer to another across the Internet using various file management networks as observed by Eric (2008). Further observations by Ethan (2007) have revealed that the music industry has repeatedly shown concerns over the potentially devastating impacts of online music sharing. In this regard, the present study has proposed to analyze the effects of p2p f ile sharing on the UK music industry and effectively recommend viable solutions to this heinous act. The first chapter is presented in the sections discussed hereunder. Published works in this area indicate that majority of people across all age groups are currently involved in downloading all forms of information freely from the internet. All sorts of information including copyrighted material are readily made available online by various filesharing websites resulting in adverse financial repercussions to the concerned companies.

Internal refusal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Internal refusal - Essay Example I would like to inform you that at the moment the company is going through a lot of challenges and, therefore, at the moment we are unable to attend to that request. I really appreciate your creativity and innovativeness by coming up with such a proposal as we know knowledge is power and, therefore, it should always be pursued at all stages in career development. Currently we are opening up a new branch and in addition a lot of funds have been set aside for the setting up of ten automatic teller machines within the state. Therefore, with all these plans in place, it is virtually impossible to set up such an innovative program as it requires quite a considerable amount of funds to establish. As the human resource manager, I would try and talk with the managing director and see what measures can be set up to implement the program in the coming financial year. I would like to let you that your annual appraisal has matured and you can pick it from the accounts department anytime from next week. We are looking forward to your continued

White Knight and Its Problems Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 42

White Knight and Its Problems - Case Study Example As the paper highlights, most of the agents were employed on a temporary basis. This indicates that there were fewer agents compared to customers that needed to be served, hence the problem of delays at the company’s call Centre. Secondly, there is a possibility that the temporary staff did not get adequate mentorship as well as the standards required to attend to customers at the call Centre. This might be because of the company relying only on the permanent staff to mentor the temporary staff, rather than to use other external assistance. In addition, the company might be offering less salary making most people to seek employment from other similar jobs within the industry. Thirdly, there might have been a low employee’s morale at the call Centre since there was a flat rate salary for all employees. To add on, most employees at a call centre might not have qualified for the job since they lacked the required competencies, skills as well as personal characteristics tha t could suit them for the job. Finally, The Company might have been lacking proper coordination for the services at the call Centre; this is because they had inadequate leadership qualities. The company can use several approaches to improve the performance at the call Centre. First, the company ought to employ monitoring and evaluation approach, which enable keen follow up of employees attendance to customer related services at the call Centre. Subsequently, they will then evaluate these employees according to how they respond to customers. Secondly, the company should use the approach of focusing on the continuous improvement, for instance, the company should concentrate on methods of improving their services from time to time. Finally, the company should ensure that their activities are linked to their overall strategy.

The Great Patriotic War, Cold War, WWII Alliances Essay Example for Free

The Great Patriotic War, Cold War, WWII Alliances Essay The Great Patriotic War: The great Patriotic War is a term used in Russia or previous parts of the Soviet Union when referring to a part of the Second World War. It had originally been used first under the French invasion led by Napoleon and when referring to the First World War, before it again was used. The name represented fighting for your homeland. The Great Patriotic War (GPW) were during the German Occupation of the USSR, which lasted from 22nd of June1941, until 9th of May 1945. The Soviet term only refers to the war between USSR and Nazi Germany and its European allies on the east front were Germany had approximately 200 divisions. It does not refer to the war on the Western fronts, the war in Japan, The Soviets attacks on Finland and Poland, The 1940 invasion of the Baltic states or the 1941 invasion of Iran. The occupation of Russia or  «Operation Barbarossa » is the biggest military operation ever completed, both in manpower and in casualties. It had been one of the main goals for Hitler since the start of the Nazi Party in the beginning of the 1920s. In 1932 Hitler and Stalin signed a nonaggression pact, but Hitler only saw this as a good tactical maneuver. During the Germans time in Soviet they wanted to put a stop to communism and at the same time get rid of everyone that were a threat toward German power in Eastern Europe. Soviet refused to collapse, even though the Nazis had expected a rapid fall. Germany kept trying to push over Soviet so it would collapse, but Soviet knew how to use the surrounding to their advantage. Breakdown of wartime alliance: By the end of the Second World War, there were three main victors, Britain, The United States and the Soviet Union. At the start of the Second World War, this, Big Three, had one united goal; to bring down Germany, as it was threatening both the Capitalist West and Communist East. However, even though all three leaders; Churchill, Roosevelt and Stalin were allies in their goal, it does not mean that their relationship was a happy one, but they had to work together to defeat the Nazi Germany regime. After Germany was defeated, The Big Three met up on several occasions to deal with the aftermath of the war. At this time, their true motives came to be shown. Even during the war, there was already underlying tensions between the East and West countries, but they were forced to cooperate. As soon as their mutual enemy was defeated, tensions rose. The East and West had two completely different ideologies, which would present itself as a issue. The West supported Capitalism, based on free elections and the freedom of speech. In contrast, the East supported Communism. This comprised of a dictatorship, led by Joseph Stalin, lack of freedom of speech and essentially the government controlling peoples lives. There were mistrusts which ranged back to the 1918, that contribute to the breakdown of the Alliance. The West had felt that their values, freedom and Capitalism were being threatened by Russia. Stalin believed that is Communism was to be successful, and then a worldwide revolution would have to take place, meaning the collapse of Capitalism. Cold War: After World War II, Joseph Stalin saw the world as divided into two camps: imperialist and capitalist regimes on the one hand, and the Communist and progressive world on the other. In 1947, President Harry Truman also spoke of two diametrically opposed systems: one free, and the other bent on subjugating other nations. After Stalins death, Nikita Khrushchev stated in 1956 that imperialism and capitalism could coexist without war because the Communist system had become stronger. In October 62 the Cold War came the closest to being a hot war. USSR put up land based missiles in Cuba, because the US had many times tried to stop the communistic revolution there. They were close enough to hit the US and are known as the Cuban missile crisis or the October crisis. This were their first treat of mutual destruction. Also the coup de etat in Czechoslovakia in 68 and the Soviet satellite states were a treat towards the US. The Cold War were all the time driven by the Arms Race between the two super powers. They fighted over who could make powerful weapon and have the biggest military the fastest. The US took the first lead when they developed the atom bomb. After keeping on it for over a decade the two states agreed upon a settlement stating how big military forces they each were maximum allowed to have. Also Chine were added into this agreement as they also became Communistic after the Second World War. There were two hot wars during the Cold War. The war in Korea and the war in Vietnam. They both had a few similarities; both a country were the state had been split in two. The Northern parts were communistic and the south were non-communistic. In both wars the north part of the state tried to invade the south to make them communistic with the help from Soviet and China. The US helped both south part of the states defend themselves, in Korea the defense were sucsessful and they are today two seperate states, wile as in Vietnam its still today one communistic nation.

THE BLACK PRINCE Essay -- Essays Papers

THE BLACK PRINCE Edward was born the eldest son of Edward III, king of England. For most of his life he was know as Edward of Woodstock, but we know him as the Black Prince. He was created duke of Cornwall in 1337, the first duke to be created in England, and prince of Wales in 1343. In 1355, he joined his father in the campaigns of the Hundred Years War, as his father's lieutenant. He established his reputation for valor at the battle of CrÈcy (1346) for his command of the right wing of the English army. At this time he was only the age of 16. It was probably the French who called him the Black Prince, because he wore black armor. This is assumed because the name was not recorded in England until the 16th century. In 1355 the Black Prince led an expedition into Aquitaine, and in 1356 he defeated and captured John II of France in the battle of . Edward became ruler of the newly created English principality of Aquitaine in 1363. In 1367 he went to the support of the Spanish king and temporarily restored him to his throne by the victory of NÂ ·jera. However, the expenses of the wa...

Cost Calculations – Managerial Accounting

Problem 1 Page 40 a- Cost of goods manufactured = Direct cost + Indirect cost = [Direct Cost of Material + Direct Cost of Labor] + [Indirect Cost of Material + Indirect Cost of Labor + Utilities Overhead] = Total Cost of Material + Total Cost of Labor + Utilities Overhead = 120,000 + 90,000 + 40,000 = $ 250,000 b- Total Cost of Operation = Cost of goods manufactured + Selling, General admin. and expenses. = 250,000 + 60,000 = $ 310,000 c- Prime Cost =Direct Material Cost + Direct Labor Cost 80,000 + 65,000 = $ 145,000 d- Conversion Cost = Direct Labor + Factory Overhead = Direct labor + [Indirect Material + Indirect Labor + Utilities Overhead] = 65,000 + 40,000 +25,000 + 40,000 = $ 170,000 e- Product Cost = Cost of goods manufactured = $ 250,000 f- Period Cost = Selling, general admin. and expenses = $ 60,000 g- Unit Cost = Total Cost of goods manufactured/Number of unit product = $ 250,000/10,000 = $ 25 per unit Problem 2 Page 40 a- Cost of goods manufactured Total Cost of goods put into production + [Difference between Beginning & Ending work-in-process] = [Total Direct Cost + Factory Overhead Cost] + [25,000-10,000] = [Direct Material Cost + Direct Labor Cost + Factory Overhead Cost] + 15,000 = [95,000+110,000+70,000]+15,000 = $ 290,000 b- Cost of goods sold = Cost of goods manufactured + [Difference between Beginning & Ending finished goods inventory] = 290,000 + [(30,000)] = $ 260,000 c- Net Income or Loss = Sales – Cost of goods manufactured – Selling , general admin. and expenses = 300,000 – 260,000 – 75,000 = ($ 35,000) ; Net LossExercise # 1 Page 43 Direct Material Cost = $ 8,000 Indirect Material Cost = $ 2,000 Direct Labor Cost = $ 3,500 Indirect Labor Cost = $ 1,500 Factory Overhead = $ 5,000 Selling Expenses = $ 7,500 General admin. Expenses = $ 8,500 a- Cost of goods manufactured = Total Direct Cost + Total Factory Overhead = Total Direct Cost + [Total Indirect Cost + Factory Overhead for heat, light and power] = 8,000 + 3,500 + 2,000 + 1,500 + 5,000 = $ 20,000 b- Total Cost of Operation = Cost of goods manufactured + Selling, general and admin. expenses = 20,000 + 7,500 + 8,500 = $ 36,000Exercise # 2 Page 43 Direct Material Cost = $ 25,000 Indirect Material Cost = $ 5,000 Direct Labor Cost = $ 30,000 Indirect Labor Cost = $ 4,500 Overhead [excluding indirect material & labor Costs] = $ 15,000 a- Prime Cost = Direct Cost = Direct Material Cost + Direct Labor Cost = 25,000 + 30,000 = $ 55,000 b- Conversion Cost = Direct Labor Cost + Total Overhead Cost = Direct Labor Cost + Indirect Material Cost + indirect Labor Cost + Overhead Cost [excluding indirect material & labor Costs] = 30,000 + 5,000 + 4,500 + 15,000 = $ 54,500 c- Product Cost = Cost of goods manufactured Total Direct Cost + Total Indirect Cost + Overhead Cost[excluding indirect material & labor Costs] = 55,000 + 9,500 + 15,000 = $ 79,500 Exercise # 5 Page 44 75,000 unit/year Beginning work –in- process = 0 Ending work –in- process = 0 Total Cost of goods manufactured = $ 300,000 Number of sold units = 59,000 Number of non sold units = 14,000 Number of loss = 2,000 Beginning finished goods inventory = 0 a- Expenses was for the year; Cost of each unit = $ 300,000/75,000= $ 4 per unit Expenses (Not sold units) = 14,000 * 4 = $ 56,000 b- Loss was incurred for the year; = 2,000 * 4 = $ 8,000 – Assets to be recorded as finished goods inventory was for the year; = 59,000 * 4 = $ 236,000 Problem # 2 Page 47 Beginning work-in-process $ 5,000 Ending work-in-process $ 6,200 Direct material cost $ 8,900 Direct Labor cost $ 10,000 Factory overhead $ 15,000 Beginning finished goods inventory $ 12,000 Ending finished goods inventory $ 22,000 Sales $ 37,500 Selling and general expenses $ 17,000 a- Cost of goods manufactured = Cost of production + [Difference between Beginning & Ending work-in-process] = [Direct Material Cost + Direct Labor Cost + Factory Overhead Cost]+ [(1,200)] = 8,900 + 10,000 + 15,000 + [( 1,200)] $ 22,700 b- Cost of goods sold = Cost of goods manufactured + [Difference between Beginning & Ending finished goods inventory] = 22,700 + 10,000 = $ 32,700 Problem # 4 Page 48 Sales $ 945,000 Beginning work-in-process $ 75,000 Ending work-in-process $ 60,000 Beginning finished goods inventory $ 35,000 Ending finished goods inventory $ 54,000 Direct material cost $ 176,000 Direct Labor cost $ 250,000 Factory overhead $ 237,500 Selling Expenses $ 55,000 General and admin. expenses $ 117,000 a- Cost of goods manufactured Cost of production + [Difference between Beginning & Ending work-in-process] = [Direct Material Cost + Direct Labor Cost + Factory Overhead Cost]+ [15,000] = 176,000 + 250,000 + 237,500 + [15,000] = $ 678,500 b- Cost of goods sold = Cost of goods manufactured + [Difference between Beginning & Ending finished goods inventory] = 678,500 + [(19,000)] = $ 659,500 c- Net Income or Loss = Sales – Cost of goods sold – Selling expenses – General an d admin. expenses = 945,000 – 659,500 – 55,000 – 117,000 = $ 113,500 Net Income

Mr. Ajinkya Deshmukh

In 1990, Buick advertised extensively that a survey of over 26, 000 new-car buyers had revealed that Buick was the only American car line ranked in the top 10 in initial quality based on owner reported problems during the first 90 days. Buick featured in its ads, a list of the top-10 automobiles in the survey, in which it was ranked fifth: behind Lexus, Mercedes-Benz, Toyota, and Infiniti and ahead of Honda, Nissan, Acura, BMW, and Mazda. All nine of these other car lines are Japanese or German. In his nationally syndicated column, â€Å"High Five Is Goodbye Wave, Not the Symbol of Quality,† August 23, 1990, columnist George Will somewhat berated Buick for bragging about only being fifth. He stated that the â€Å"We’re Number One† boasts of wining college football players and their fans may be â€Å"mistaken, and the passion may be disproportionate to the achievement, but at least it is better than chanting ‘We’re Number Five. †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Mr. Will noted that such ads imply, â€Å"Don’t expect us to measure up to the big boys – the ones overseas. † He wanted Americans to become â€Å"impatient and censorious about lax standards (We’re Number 5) that are producing pandemic shoddiness in everything rom cars to art to second graders’ homework. † Mr. Will ended his column: â€Å"Americans would feel better, and might be more inclined to buy Buick, if they saw an ad reprinting the list above, but with a text that says: ‘Fifth place is not nearly good enough for Americans to brag about. And until we do better, we apologize! †Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ Mr. Will may well have been correct that many U. S. firms were not producing products up to the quality standards of many foreign firms. We want to point out, however, that his criticism of Buick’s boast of being number five as indicative of shoddy American quality may not have been quite valid. In fact, it may be great to be â€Å"Number Five†.

Cruel Nature of Caleb Gare Essays

Cruel Nature of Caleb Gare Essays Cruel Nature of Caleb Gare Paper Cruel Nature of Caleb Gare Paper Essay Topic: Black Dog of Fate Cruel nature of Caleb gare Wild Geese is a novel written by Martha Ostenso. The motive of paternal dominance and tyranny imposed by Caleb Gare is clearly felt throughout the whole novel. He is driven by his desire to get more land and therefore more money. Therefore he does not only tyrannize his family, but also his neighbours. Devoting all his life to Just one materialistic goal, to acquire as much land as possible, Caleb uses his possessions to show his power and therefore possessions become his highest value. Caleb felt a glow of satisfaction as he stood there on the ridge peering out over his and until the last light had gone. He could hold all this, and more add to it year after year add to his herd of pure-bred Holsteins and his drove of horses raise more sheep experiment with turkey and goose for the winter markets in the south all this as long as he held the whip hand over Amelia. (Martha Ostenso 19) In this passage is shown his obsession with his farm, and a strong des ire to obtain as much as possible. He forgets about the real values of life and becomes selfish and arrogant man. He is described as a monster without feelings. His Ruthless behaviour towards amily and neighbours is the reason why the whole community hates him and at the same time is afraid of him. His indifference towards what people think about him is clearly shown in the following passage: Day in and day out, not a soul came to the Gare farm, not a soul left it, not even to visit the Sandbos, two miles or less away. And Caleb went about with the fixed, unreadable face of an old satyr, superficially indifferent to what went on, unconscious of those about him, underneath, holding taut the reins of power, alert, Jealous of every gesture in the life within which he moved and governed. (Martha Ostenso 34). An example of Calebs cruel and ruthless behaviour against his neighbours can be seen when he forces his son Martin to go fishing to the Bjarnassons lake. Martin meets Erik Bjarnasson with whom he talks about the fact that their lake is not yet open for fishing. Then Erik invites him to the house for coffee but Martin refuses. The hospitality of Eric shamed him very much. After this chat he decides not to obey the instructions which Caleb gave him and goes back home. Martin did not take the lake road. He thought with self-scathing of his original plan in coming here to slip down below the willows and around the end of the cove where he would not be seen by the Bjarnassons. Such had been Calebs instructions given in full belief that they would be obeyed. He would have to tell his father the truth when he arrived home. Caleb would be in a towering rage, which would express itself in a gentle sarcasm and later in a strange and sinisterly effective abuse of Amelia, that Martin never understood. (Martha Ostenso 125) When Caleb returned home and found out that Martin did not bring any fish, he had a little quarrel with Martin, after which he went out to his flax field and speculated how to ompel Martin to fish. After some time he visits his neighbour Thorvald Thorvaldson, because he has always wanted to get part of his land. When he enters the house, he sees that they had fish for dinner. This makes him happy because the only place where Thorvald could get this fish is the Bjarnassons lake. And he knows that Bjarnassons help during the haying. Fishing in his lake would not be readily forgiven, especially if the offender were trusted and indebted friend. It would surely mean an end to favours, and loans (Martha Ostenso 146) Caleb obtains reason to blackmails Thorvald. He offers Thorvald his silence and cash and Thorvald would have to give him a piece of his land. This scene was rather funny but at the same time dark and tense because it expressed treacherousness of Caleb. Thorvalds eyes grew sullen. Caleb Gare was getting him then. Na-ow! Not von acre! he rasped. Caleb shrugged his shoulders and turned to go. All right, but dont blame me if Bjarnasson dont come across with the crew, he said. Thorvaldson strode quickly into step with him as he walked toward the cart. Better than to lose Bjarnassons support. Vhen you vant it? He almost snivelled. (Martha Ostenso 148) It is obvious that everybody hates Caleb but they are too good-natured and naive to stop his quiet building of his influence. Caleb Gare controls his family with cruelty and hard physical labour. He forces his children to work all day on the farm. As his farm grows, there is more and more work to be done, but he has only his wife Amelia and four children to work there. He does not want to pay for extra workers because he sees in his family as free workers. Caleb must have had some other reason for not taking on extra help. It was his idea, apparently, to blind them all with work an extra man ould give them time for thinking, and dreaming. (Martha Ostenso 142) Although he has money, he does not want to pay for extra workers because he is simply too greedy. He does not even bother to buy his daughter Ellen new glasses. Ellen worked with difficulty because of her eyes, and frequently had to close them to ease their smarting. The hay dust bit at her lids so that they became bright red (Martha Ostenso 142). When he sees that Ellen does not work as fast and as perfectly as her siblings, he Just states that she has day-dreaming, and sends her to go over the hole strip again. That he sees her red eyes and does not have mercy upon her is an evidence of his cruel insensibility towards his family. The worst aspect of Caleb was the terror he imposed on his wife, Amelia. He holds her at bay because he knows about her illegitimate child which she had before married him. For Caleb, although he had known of Amelias moral defection before he married her, had always looked upon himself as the betrayed and cheated victim in a triangle. It was perhaps this which prevented him from ever feeling pands of remorse for his acts. His sensibilities ere crystallized in the belief that life had done him an eternal wrong, which no deed of his own could over-avenge. (Martha Ostenso 102) This passage shows why Caleb became such a merciless, wicked devil. The situation gets worse because this illegitimate child, Mark Jordan, arrives to the neighbourhood and falls in love with Lind Archer, the teacher who lives at the Gares. Amelia is afraid that Mark will find out that he is son of poor woman who married a farmer. Caleb knows exactly that Amelia does not want this secret to be revealed. If it was revealed, her family would have lost a good reputation. It was felt from the novel that at that times a good reputation of family was very important in the neighbourhood for the marriage. Amelia wanted her children to be happy and to marry someone and therefore she had to obey Caleb. Caleb thoughts turned to Amelia. She had behaved well of late. Perhaps she was even beginning to realize that no good would come of it if the to keep her reminded of that little mistake od hers that little mistake Also, it might be well to pay a visit to the young man, before the return of the Klovaczs. To sound him out, as it were, and to report to Amelia on his parts as a gentleman. Good idea, that. Amelia would break her heart rather than let a gentleman know the truth about himself. He might not even want to marry the Teacher if he knew that he had no name to offer her. (Martha Ostenso 145) Considering all of this, Amelia was forced to be cruel and to hold strong hand over her children to prevent any rebellion. He did not want his children to leave his farm because he would have to pay extra money for workers. And that is why he blackmailed Amelia with the secret of Mark Jordan. One night Amelia told him that Sven Sandbo wants to marry Judith, his most hardworking aughter. A dispute followed after that. Judith heard parts of it. Caleb began to enjoy the situation. fou think do you? Hah! Scared Bart might tell the truth, eh? Rather have Sven taken in, eh? Have him think hes marryin into fine stuff? mfou know you know nobody around here would marry the girls if if they knew. No, he agreed softly, the people around here are careful of their morals. But thats no reason why you should take advantage of them. Wouldnt it be better to wait and find out what Jude is going to be before you turn her over to an honest man? Amelia sprang to her eet, her face white. IVe had enough from you, you hypocrite! she said, her voice breaking. It isnt Jude youre thinking of. Its your filthy greed and the work you can get out of her. If you even told the truth I might I might respect your bullying. But this this I wont bear it you you sneak! (Martha Ostenso 99) The following passage shows Calebs psychical pressure that he used against Amalia in this quarrel. Caleb laughed under his breath. He spoke now almost in a whisper, as he always did when frenzy had its way with him. Getting independent suddenly, are ou? Mark Jordan isnt so far away but what I could reach him tonight, before I go to bed. Amelia shook her head, her lips moved silently. If she did not end the scene the children would know that something was happening below. Lind would hear. Caleb looked at her. She was a poor thing, after all, scarcely worth the trouble. (Martha Ostenso 100) As y ou can see, every time the children or Amelia make any extraordinary thing, Caleb threatens that he will tell Amelias secret to Mark. Children suspect that there is some secret and they are convinced that it is somehow related ith them. They are Just commiserate with their mothers fate. They know how revengeful their father is when the invisible line of his patience is crossed and therefore they live in submission hoping that the mysterious secret would never be revealed. Calebs daughter Judith is the only one who dares to rebel against him. Lind Archer compared her to a wild horse. Judith is a beautiful creature. Shes like a a wild horse, more than anything I know of. But Caleb doesnt give her a moment to herself even to think in. (Martha Ostenso 65) Caleb wants to keep Judith home under is control as long as possible because she is most useful to him in the farm. Judiths nature is very wild and she knows that she needs to get away from this household and have her own life. She is in love with Sven Sandbo. She meets him secretly but then Caleb finds out that she is meeting him because he spied on her. He crept along slowly, taking care not to step on dry branches. As the light fell he could make out low voices that seemed to come from a hollow. Now he could look down and see pool. (Martha Ostenso 165) What happened later on between Judith and Caleb in the barn is described in the following passage. She saw his face, like a mask cut out of granite. He had seen them she knew it instantly. Somehow he had discovered spied on them. He stepped into the barn. Judith was dumb. What er you up to, out there in the bush, eh? With what Sandbo dog, heh, heh! A bitch like your mother, eh? Come here and Ill show ye it pays to be decent! He took another step toward her. Judiths hand swept down and grasped the handle of the ax. She straightened like a flash and flung it with all her strength at Calebs head. Her eyes closed dizzily, and when she opened them again he was crouching before her, his hand moving across is moustache. The ax was buried in the rotten wall behind his head. (Martha Ostenso 166) After this accident he gains control over Judith. He locked the barn with the ax buried in the wall, because it is a proof that she tried to kill him. This situation was very welcome to him because it strengthened his influence over Amelia and the whole family. The case of Judith had been fortunate rather than otherwise. At first it had been a bit disturbing. The ax might have done more than graze his hair. As it was, the incident merely gave him greater control over affairs. It was another thing to old over Amelia. And it gave him security in regard to Judith it was a case for the police if he wished to make it one. (Martha Ostenso, 171) This way he somehow broke the wild spirit of Judith. Caleb stole her beliefs and dreams of a better and happier life. She becomes lifeless creature that only obeys orders. It wont do any good, Judith muttered. If I see Sven hell find out and then hell send me to the city. I know nothing good ever happens. (Martha Ostenso 173) She becomes lifeless creature that only obeys orders. Only thanks to Lind she took a chance to flee from her prison. This happens during the harvest Jubilee in Latts school, that was to take form of a masquerade. Even though Caleb finds out that she fled, he does not run after her to bring her back. Instead of that he has a terrible quarrel with Amelia. But this quarrel is not finished because of a fire which suddenly appears and is a big threat of his fields. He runs out to save the only thing that could be saved the flax field. There is no one to help him because his children are at the masquerade. He has to try to cut off the fire on his own. In doing this he has to get around the muskeg and the dried lake bottom. He ran on blindly, conscious only of the direction in which the flax field lay. The fire was gaining with every moment. The wind kept up its velocity Then suddenly something seemed to be tugging at his feet. He could not release them. He stood upright again and strained with all his might. But the insisious force in the earth drew him in deeper. The fire had now got past the point where he was sinking in the black mud. He turned away so that he should not see it [burning flax field]. But he knew that his position would force him to look upon it to the end unless he closed his eyes. Martha Ostenso 236) In order to save his flax field he sacrificed his own life. The death of Caleb is rather ironical. It Just feels like he got what he deserved. The last thing he saw before he died was the only thing that he ever truly loved his flax field in flames. Last but not least his death nicely unweaves the plot. It is a happy ending because Judith is finally free, also the secret of Mark Jordan forever buried. This novel uncovers exciting, intricate, and, most importantly, a beautiful story of love and tyranny. Ostenso, Martha. Wild Geese. McClelland and Stewart Limited, 1971, ISBN 0-7710-91 18-4

Differentiates Between Sex and Gender Term Paper

Differentiates Between Sex and Gender - Term Paper Example The researcher states that gender role stereotypes in modern society are more constraining for females, but in certain ways, they are also constraining for males. For example, women are expected to be nurturers, expressive about their feelings and readily show emotion, whereas men are expected to take charge, be strong and think logically. The researcher would argue that this role differentiates dates all the way back to early hunter/gatherer societies, when men had to go out to find animals to kill for food and clothing, leaving the women behind to look after the children and perform other domestic chores. Finally, while most people belong to either the male or female sex, transsexuals have the organs of both sexes. This, plus the fact that they may identify themselves as more male than female or vice versa, may cause them great anxiety and confusion in a society which expects everyone to adopt wither male or female gender roles. This article states that in the past 30 years gender roles have been less specialized. This has made it incumbent on men to perform at least some of the traditionally female domestic chores. The article also discusses an interesting research finding that same-sex couples tend to have better relationships with their gender-neutral roles than traditional opposite-sex couples with strongly differentiated male and female roles since they incorporate both perspectives and therefore can better understand their partners’ needs. This source describes an anecdote involving President Coolidge and is therefore called The Coolidge Effect. Space does not permit detailing the story, but the idea behind it is that men want more sex partners than women do. The article describes 2 theories behind this assertion. 1) men prefer sex with strange women and 2) this is sexist claptrap. While there is some truth to both allegations, I feel the second more accurately describes the current situation. The evidence for this is the swinging lifestyle. Men wanting sexual variety often will persuade their wives to join, but once in it is usually the women who embrace it more. When it comes to sex women are the physically stronger sex because they don’t have a refractory (or recovery) period before they can have intercourse again.

Community Learning Disability Nursing Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Community Learning Disability Nursing - Essay Example This discussion highlights that aside from the physical and psychological punches are the psychosocial dilemmas of inequality in access not only to health care services but also in other resources. It then stipulates that learning disability nurses work to dismantle this barrier for the persons with learning disability to pass through to take up a gratifying life.This paper declares that  community nurses provide support on issues regarding their physical care needs, aging, and sexuality. Particularly the main responsibility of community learning disability nurse involves consultancy, assessment, treatment, training, care planning, health promotion, and promoting access to services. In addition to direct clinical and therapeutic role, nurses are involved with activities in delivering healthcare such as health promotion, health facilitation, teaching, and service development. It involves formulation and implementation of a written care plan, utilizing a structured approach with cont inuous evaluation and re-examination taking into consideration the collaboration with the family members and health team and the concept of person-centered planning.  As with any nursing health care delivery, utilization of a care plan is indispensable. Comprehensive assessment must be done in order to identify specific problems and sub-problems occurring which may not be ready recognized by the person with learning disability.... In addition Hall (2004) estimated it to be 25–30 per 1000 with mild and 3–4 per 1000 with severe learning disability in the UK. This number, though not alarming as it seem, deemed the necessity of learning disability nursing’s genesis in the clinical place and community. Gates and Barr (2009) provided a clear definition of learning disability nursing as they stated: â€Å"Learning disability nursing is a person-centered profession with the primary aim of supporting the well being and social inclusion of people with learning disabilities through improving or maintaining physical and mental health.† They comprehensively delineated the purpose of this profession to include the assessment of the health care needs of this population in order to aid them on their optimum level of independence. This task is achieved by the nurse by enhancing skills and competence required to meet the evolving needs of these people from birth to death and through collaboration wit h other agencies and associates. This branch of nursing does not focus only on clinical manifestations of physical health nor specific on mental health, but rather encompass the total well-being of a person in all aspects – physical, psychological, social, spiritual, and emotional (Gates and Barr 2009). Department of Health (2007) in UK reported that the incidence of wide range physical and mental health conditions among people with learning disabilities ceaselessly escalated. These are true to those in the population requiring special attention from biomedicine. Aside from the physical and psychological punches are the psychosocial dilemmas of inequality in access not

Computer systems Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Computer systems - Essay Example But due to the fact that interface of most computer systems has limited range of expressions, users has no opportunities to interact with them as with real people. Current tools, such as email, mailing lists, chat rooms, discussion phorums have substantial shortcomings. Their interface is designed only for delivery of simple ideas, without emotions, gestures or face expressions. Of course people can use so-called smiles (primitive pictures with emotions, such as smile or sadness), but every system has its own predefined set of smiles and does not allow user to insert custom image instantly. At the same time in a physical world people can easily express emotions in a discussion over a meal or a drink, meeting up at a conference or having a special offer pointed out to you by behaviour of a stranger. Social information in a physical world is transmitted on many levels. Most of these levels are lost in digital environment, hence socially blind. Therefore need of expression of social information arises, for example mood, condition, some feelings. So people can see emotional reaction of their interlocutors, not only what they express in words. This social information may be applied to knowledge management to make users' activities visible to others. The realist approach involves trying to project social... The realist approach is a straightforward answer to the question; it minimizes the difficulty of producing and interpreting social signals. However current technology places very strict limits on the resolution of teleconferencing and video space systems. The mimetic approach tries to represent social cues from the physical world, as literally as possible, in the digital domain. The mimetic approach is exemplified by graphical MUDs and virtual reality systems, and uses virtual environments and avatars of various degrees of realism to mimic the physical world. Work here ranges from attempts to implement a virtual physics to the considerably looser representations of social information found in the 2-D and 3-D avatars found in various graphical MUDs and 3-D VRML worlds. While the use of mimetic representations decreases some of the bandwidth requirements of such systems, in this sort of system social signals must be consciously produced via users manipulating their avatars. The abstract approach involves portraying social information in ways that are not closely tied to their physical analogs. Exemplars of the abstract approach include AROMA, the Out to Lunch system (which uses abstract sonic cues to indicate socially salient activity), and Chat Circles (which uses abstract visual representations). This approach also includes the use of text to portray social information. Text has proved surprisingly powerful as a means for conveying social information, so the abstract approach scales well, both textual and abstract graphical representations being relatively compact. (Erickson and Kellogg, 2002) 3. Using your knowledge and experience, explain how the application of context and domain modelling could be used to help establish a

Theories of Communication Essay Example for Free

Theories of Communication Essay Argyles theory of communication is that to learn communication skills and social skills there is a certain cycle that needs to be used this therefore involves translating or decoding what others have communicated. Argyle believes that this gives the individual an opportunity to adapt on their person behaviour so that at the end of the process they are able to communicate effectively. The cycle has different stages 1. The cycle will start when an idea is thought of so that the message can then be coded and sent. This stage involves the individual thinking in their head what they are going to be saying and they then need to ensure they get the message to the other individual clearly so that they can understand what the message is about. 2. The next step is therefore when the other person receives the message and it can be decoded. This stage means that they will be processing the message in the head thinking about the message and understanding it so that they are then able to go onto the third stage 3. This stage is the part where the individual responds to the message they have received and decoded, they then respond and the whole cycle will be repeated. Example In My Placement: In my placement at Linden Lea nursery they have corner that the children are able to go and read in and pick a book each week, there are pillows down in the area so that there is a relaxed atmosphere and I can go and sit with an individual child and read a book with them. When reading with the younger children I am able to ask questions about the book for example ‘who is your favourite person in the book? or ‘what part of the book do you think is the best bit? ’ this therefore helps me to be able to see if the child is understanding the story or what parts they are understanding however they won’t feel pressured as they will be relaxed questions and it will be a relaxed conversation. Tuckman’s Theory Tuckman’s theory of communication was described as a group interact ion, as he believes that people work better together and interact better when they are working within a group. Tuckman’s theory of the group coming together and performing involves four key stages. Forming- This is when the group have come together and they are getting to know each other beginning to think of ideas and ask each other questions. An example of forming in my placement will be when the children at the nursery sit in groups with a teacher or a team leader and the groups can be based around their ability or specific needs. Storming- Storming is the second stage and this is when conflict can often flare up because the roles begin to be put in place for those in the group and a leader may begin to take control causing some arguments as the group is functioning. For the storming stage an example in my placement could be when the children have formed their groups and begin to play games it can mean that conflict will begin as some individuals may want to play the same role in the group as there will always be a leader to group this therefore means you often get many personality clashes. Norming- Norming is when the group properly comes together and start to develop strong sets of shared values and the group will start to work as one group together. For this stage in my placement you will begin to see the children coming together and working together in their friendship groups, this may involve them playing various games and taking part in various activities for them to come together and begin to understand eachother. Performing- After the stage of norming they then have a full understanding of the groups expectations and understand each individual’s values they then therefore are able to start working together to perform as an effective group. The relationships have become stronger within the and they are able to support each other. In my nursery placement I see this stage being shown when I see children taking part in an art activity this means they have a chance to all show off their own skills however they can work together and help in the groups their working in for example if they were doing a big display they can come together to decide who will do what part of the display. Schultz(1958) also had a different theory of communication which can be uses in group interactions. This was a different theory to Tuckman’s theory and instead of four stage is has three key stages. The first step is inclusion; this is the stage that the individuals spend time building relationships between the members in a group so they can choose which group they wish to belong to. The second step is control this stage is the part in which you see who has the power in the group, little groups are made and people will compete to be part of certain groups or in a role. The last stage is affection this is the stage in which it calms down as each member in the group will have their role and they are able to form effective group work. Example In My Placement: At the nursery I am working in the children are always playing and they are able to communicate with each other. I sit with the children and join in the games and they play together as a group. They were dressing up and they play with the dolls ‘mummy’s and daddy’s’ this therefore means they communicate together working out who will be who and then played together sharing all the toys. They are therefore working together to decide if they want to play in that group or choose to play something else. This type of interaction helps the children to communicate with all children and as games develop they begin to become more comfortable.

Impact of Just in Time in Manufacturing

Impact of Just in Time in Manufacturing CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Introduction to the Problem Statement of the Problem: It had been proved from time and again the positive impact of Just in Time in manufacturing. No models or methodologies have been developed to relate how predictive maintenance can have a significant effect on the performance of JIT in manufacturing and its supply chains. In early 1950s Toyota devised their manufacturing system called Toyota production system which streamlines the entire process of manufacturing in an organized way through continuous information sharing between supplier and customer to achieve just- in- time production. Just-in-time is one of the major pillars of Toyota production system. Implementation of lean principles gave way for various strategic advantages in manufacturing. (Lathin, 2001) stated that using lean principles, a traditional mass producer could expect a reduction of 90% in inventory, cost in quality, lead time and 50% increase in labor productivity. (Nystuen, 2002) stated that one could see a reduction of 90% in travel time, 82% in inventory and 11% in product lead time. After the success of Toyota production system,  Ã‚   although this production system revolutionized the entire process of manufacturing in Japan, it did not reflect the west. This is due to many reasons such as traditionally minded management (Gup ta and Jain, 2013), lack of machine capability, high inventory, fluctuating markets (Golhar, Stamm, and Smith, 1990), high product variety (Cusumano, 1994) and lack of communication between processes. One of the biggest key suspects understands machine capability. This can be achieved by filling the gap between machine capability information and production planning. To achieve this system, there are 2 key elements; Real- time machine data and data processing. P.ODonovan, K. Leahy, K. Bruton and D.T.J. OSullivan (2015) presented a concept called smart manufacturing where manufacturing data can be used create positive impact on the manufacturing operations The first industrial revolution began in early 1800s through mechanical production using steam and water. Since then, there has been two other industrial revolutions through assembly line production for mass production, increase quality, reduce cost and manufacturing time; and using technology and IT systems. Currently the manufacturing industry is in the midst of data driven revolution transforming traditional manufacturing facilities into smart manufacturing facilities (Peter ODonovan, Kevin Leahy, Ken Bruton and Dominic T. J. OSullivan, 2015). Many industry Pundits today believe; we are currently undergoing fourth industrial revolution through internet technology in manufacturing. Machine reliability has always played an important role for manufacturing. Over time machines have become smarter and are capable of collecting their performance as feedback. It has always been a challenge to fix the machines during downtime and machines technicians are also required to keep themselves updated on latest technologies. (Jay Lee, Hung-An Kao, Shanhu Yang, 2014) suggested that machines could be connected together in a cyber-workspace where, machine data could be collected and later analyzed using predictive tools for machine predictability. Connecting the machines through cyberspace enables managers to monitor every machines performance remotely without visiting every machine during the day. Significance of the Research Research Questions and Objectives Implementation of predictive maintenance has been a buzzword for some time in Internet of Things (IoT) neighborhood. In the recent years, many companies have been implementing predictive maintenance activities it to their advantage in order to achieve machine failure free environment. There has been a lot of case studies published in the recent times on implementation of predictive maintenance activities with results closer to machine failure free operation. Most of research in predictive maintenance in recent times have focused on different methodologies and algorithms implemented in data mining, classification and prediction in order to achieve failure free operation. In the course of literature review it was found that, there has been a lack of research in studying the effect of implementation of predictive maintenance activities throughout manufacturing supply chains. This research study is conducted to answer some of the questions in an industry environment such as (1) What was effect in product flow by implementing predictive maintenance activities? (2) How were the supply chains impacted by the implementation of predictive maintenance activity (3) Was there any effect on the performance of Just-in-time manufacturing? (4) If so, what factors were affected and by how much? (5) Can a model estimate the effect on the performance of Just-in-time in manufacturing before the implementation of predictive maintenance activity? This research study is conducted to answer these questions by collecting and mining data from current manufacturing setup and its supply chains, applying new methods to analyze it and use traditional regression models to predict the performance change in Just-in-time in manufacturing.   The objectives in this research includes The development of a methodology for measuring performance variance in Just-in-time for an industry environment and throughout its supply chains by implementing Predictive maintenance activity. The identification of Just-in-time performance measurement factors that would have significant effect in predicting the performance before implementation of predictive maintenance activity The creation, verification and validation of a model that could estimate the performance variance in Just-in-time for future implementations throughout the supply chain CHAPTER II Literature review Overview JIT in Manufacturing Machine Maintenance All actions appropriate for retaining an item/part/equipment in, or restoring it to, a given condition is known as maintenance (Dhillion, 2002). Each year US manufacturing industry spends about $300 billion on plan maintenance and operations. It is also estimated that approximately 80% of the industry budget goes towards correcting chronic failures of machines, systems and peoples (Latino, 1999). There are 2 types of machine maintenance and are classified as follows. Planned maintenance is generally classified as preventive (PM) and corrective maintenance, while breakdown maintenance is considered as unplanned. Preventive maintenance can be further subdivided into fixed maintenance and predictive maintenance. (Mansor, Ohsato, Sulaiman, 2012). Unplanned Downtime The unscheduled maintenance or repair to return items/equipment to a defined state and carried out because maintenance persons or users perceived deficiencies or failures is known as corrective maintenance (Dhillion, 2002). Planned Downtime There are many definitions to preventive maintenance. All actions carried out on a planned, periodic, and specific schedule to keep an item/equipment in stated working condition through the process of checking and reconditioning is known as preventive maintenance (Dhillion, 2002). In the recent years, PM has been one of the most sought techniques in industries across different areas. One of the main objectives of PM is to keep the machine in running condition through standard inspection methods and correction methods at early deficiency stages. Performing PM activities has some of the advantages such as increasing equipment availability, reduction of overtime, reduction in inventory, improve safety, improve quality, reduces time and cost (Levitt, 1997). Some of the disadvantages of PM are it increases initial cost, damaging equipment, reduces life of parts and using more number of newer parts (Patton, 1983). Fixed maintenance Predictive maintenance Similar to preventive maintenance, predictive maintenance have several definitions. To some workers, predictive maintenance is monitoring the vibration of rotating machinery in an attempt to detect incipient problems and to prevent catastrophic failure or it is monitoring the infrared image of electrical switchgear, motors or other electrical equipment to detect developing problem (Mobley, 2002). According to Dhillion (2002), predictive maintenance is a method of using modern measurement and signal processing methods to accurately diagnose item/ equipment condition during operation. It would not be wrong to say, Predictive maintenance is a complement of preventive maintenance which uses various testing and measuring methods to monitor the equipment status and predict the machine failures. According to Mobley (2002), there are five nondestructive techniques used for predictive maintenance management: vibration monitoring, process parameter monitoring, thermography, tribology, and visual inspection. Predictive maintenance not just limited to manufacturing sectors used various other industry such as water and wastewater utility solutions (Severn Trent Services), Transportation railway (Finnish railway VR Group), Power grids (Israel Electric corporation), Oil and gas industry, wind power (Roland Berger Strategy Consultants, 2014), Airline industry (IBM, 2014), Biotech industry (Cypress Envirosystems, 2008) and many more. Some of the case studies related to manufacturing would be discussed in later part of this report. Case Studies KALYPSO: Predictive analytics and Improved Product design with machine learning Daimler: Automotive manufacturer increases productivity for cylinder-head production by 25 percent IBM Asset Analytics for Manufacturing Equipment in Automotive Israel Electric Corporation moves towards smarter maintenance Fluke Corporation: White Paper: Thermography Roland Berger: Oil and gas Reducing breakdowns and increasing production of highly critical assets Roland Berger: Wind Power Reducing maintenance costs and improving uptime in a challenging operational environment ABB Group: Predictive Maintenance for Heavy Industry Data collection, Data mining and Predictive maintenance methodologies Data Collection Sensor data Historical data Data mining Techniques Signal Processing and Feature Extraction Principle Component Analysis (PCA) based fault detection Predictive Maintenance methodologies Health Assessment Self-organizing map (SOM) Performance Prediction Health Diagnosis Self-organizing map (SOM) References Latino, C.J., Hidden Treasure: Eliminating Chronic Failures Can Cut Maintenance Costs up to 60%, Report, Reliability Center, Hopewell, Virginia, 1999 M.A. Mansor, A. Ohsato and S. Sulaiman, KNOWLEDGE MANAGEMENT FOR MAINTENANCE ACTIVITIES IN THE MANUFACTURING SECTOR, International Journal of Automotive and Mechanical Engineering, SSN: 2229-8649 (Print); ISSN: 2180-1606 (Online); Volume 5, pp. 612-621, January-June 2012 Levitt, J., Managing preventive maintenance, Maintenance technology, February 1997, 20-30. Mobley, R Keith, An Introduction to predictive maintenance, 2002, 2nd ed, ISBN 0-7506-7531-4

Societys Restraint To Social Reform :: essays research papers

Society's Restraint to Social Reform Of the many chatted words in the social reform vocabulary of Canadians today, the term workfare seems to stimulate much debate and emotion. Along with the notions of self-sufficiency, employability enhancement, and work disincentives, it is the concept of workfare that causes the most tension between it's government and business supporters and it's anti-poverty and social justice critics. In actuality, workfare is a contraction of the concept of "working for welfare" which basically refers to the requirement that recipients perform unpaid work as a condition of receiving social assistance. Recent debates on the subject of welfare are far from unique. They are all simply contemporary attempts to decide if we live in a just society or not. This debate has been a major concern throughout history. Similarly, the provision of financial assistance to the able-bodied working-age poor has always been controversial. On one side are those who articulate the feelings and views of the poor, namely, the Permissive Position, who see them as victims of our society and deserving of community support. The problems of the poor range from personal (abandonment or death of the family income earner) to the social (racial prejudice in the job market) and economic (collapse in the market demand for their often limited skills due to an economic recession or shift in technology). The Permissive View reveals that all participants in society are deserving of the unconditional legal right to social security without any relation to the individual's behaviour. It is believed that any society which can afford to supply the basic needs of life to every individual of that society but does not, can be accused of imposing life-long deprivation or death to those needy individuals. The reason for the needy individual being in that situation, whether they are willing to work, or their actions while receiving support have almost no weight in their ability to acquire this welfare support. This view is presently not withheld in society, for if it was, the stereotype of the 'Typical Welfare Recipient' would be unheard of. On the other side, the Individualists believe that generous aid to the poor is a poisoned chalice that encourages the poor to pursue a life of poverty opposing their own long-term interests as well of those of society in general. Here, high values are placed on personal choice. Each participant in society is a responsible individual who is able to make his own decisions in order to manipulate the progression of his own life. In conjunction with this opinion, if you are given the freedom to make these decisions, then surely you must

Cultural adaptation and cultural change Essay

Culture is the set of all society’s spiritual, emotional, material and intellectual features of a social group or a whole society. It incorporates lifestyles, literature, traditions, value systems and beliefs with which the people from a certain society or even a group should follow. Individuals are made to respect their culture as a tool towards safeguarding it. Generally therefore, culture can affect one’s behavior both positively and negatively when individuals seek to adhere to the ways and authorities of their culture. Societal culture is an important tool towards shaping the people’s behavior. It provides norms, values, and traditions with which the people are supposed to adhere to in order to be in harmony with the societal rules, regulations and foundations. The cultural diversity within a society therefore seeks to provide respect on the fundamental human rights and freedoms. Through culture, the society is provided with a harmonious system through which they can interact with one another through various social integrations. Therefore, culture constrains our behavior when its promulgations require us to go by its standards. The personal feeling about a certain behavioral conception is dictated and shaped by the cultural dictations which require them to abide by these cultural dispensations. This is to say that, the people’s behavior within a society is constrained towards a certain behavioral conception by the requirements and dictates of their culture. (Lee, 1999) The role posited on the cultural constrain towards shaping our behavior can be argued diversely about its authenticity. At one level, it is good and recommendable since it helps in shaping and restoring the people’s behavior towards conceptions that are acceptable within a specific society. However, a counteractive argument can be placed on the negative implications allied to the cultural constrains in the societal behavior. By and large, the overall effect of this constrain is that it is wrong and a bad conception that is aimed at pulling the people behavior towards specific societal expectations. These expectations may be illogical to the changing societal structures. Behavioral constrain by culture has only acted to limit the people behavior towards a global behavioral change which would be a requisite to the requirements of societal change. This has therefore led to dogmatic scores and backwardness in behavioral expectations from such people who lack adequately borrowed behavior from the changing course of the global imagery from the effects of their society’s cultural dictates and authorities. Some major cultural dispensations are far below the scale that promotes a projected individual development since they are shaped and governed by traditional societal scores. (Lee, 1999) However, cultural change would perhaps be the most eminent tool towards governing strong behavioral changes. Cultural change can only be possible through cultural integration. This is the process with which different cultural groups come together to exchange their cultural imageries. Different cultures are intermingled through exchange and concept borrowing to bring up cultural diversity. A diversified culture is that which incorporates various cultural scores in its regulations and abandon specific cultural dispensations which could be underscored by traditionalism and dogmatic backwardness. Consequently, through cultural integration, people come to learn about new cultural systems embodied by other groups which bring more realistic sense towards modeling the societal behavior above its growth. Perhaps, cultural integration is what has rooted out various traditional cultures through models of westernization. Cultural diversity therefore opens more practical cultural developments that concur with the change in societal structures. Reference Lee, C (1999) The Complex Whole: Culture and Evolution of Human Behavior. West View Press

Emotional Intelligence And The Creative Leader Education Essay

In furthering environments where creativeness thrive, stronger overall concerns will emerge. However, the manner in which a director of employees can acquire optimal creativeness from his work force is non ever clear. Harmonizing to Peiperl ( 2002, 106 ) , making squads of people inspired by the spirit of creativeness will heighten overall public presentation within a concern. This survey intends to happen the common elements of managerial/ leading manners that promote employee creativeness and invention in the work environment.Creativity and InventionIn many research surveies, the footings creativeness and invention are frequently used interchangeably, nevertheless, there are celebrated differences between the two. Mumford & A ; Gustafson ( 1988 ) contend that creativeness has to make with the production of novel and utile thoughts, and invention has to make with the production or acceptance of such utile thoughts every bit good as its execution ( Kanter, 1988 ; Van de Ven, 1986 ) . In any instance, organisations need both to be successful in the accomplishment of its ends. Robinson ( 2011 ) contends that in order to keep a competitory border, creativeness and invention are necessary to bring forth new thoughts for merchandises and services. To develop these indispensable properties, flexibleness and adaptability to alter must be developed by people in their instruction and preparation. Creative believing refers to how people come up with solutions to bing jobs ( Amabile, 1996, 1998 ) . It is the consequence of an person ‘s attempt to blend and fit existing, conventional thoughts together to make new attacks to work outing jobs. Such thought does non bring forth creativeness simply from an person ‘s rational attempts, but creativeness is an result of his accrued originative thought accomplishments and expertness based on his past experiences ( Amabile, 1998 ) . However, even if an person has adequate appropriate originative thought accomplishments and expertness, a high degree of creativeness will non be reached if he or she lacks the motive to mobilise attempts to utilize such capablenesss ( Jung, 2001 ) . A common phrase used mentioning to creativeness is ‘thinking outside the box † . Notar & A ; Padgett ( 2010 ) commented that really successful people ne'er appear to hold a â€Å" box † from which they ope rate. However, a box is something associated with something that confines one to a finite infinite. â€Å" Thinking outside the box † so means non believing in a finite infinite but opening the heads out to infinite infinite with eternal possibilities. Bernacki ( 2002 ) enumerates some properties related to â€Å" believing outside the box as holding a willingness to take new positions to daily work. It besides entails openness to make different things and to make things otherwise. Creative persons focus on the value of happening new thoughts and moving on them. They strive to make value in new ways. Although they already have great thoughts in head, they still enjoy listening to others due to their perennial hunt for better thoughts.Creative Cultures/Env ironmentsAmabile ( 1998 ) suggests that for leaders to further creativeness among their subsidiaries, they must set up an organisational environment wherein subordinates feel safe lending their thoughts and seeking out advanced attacks without fright of penalty for failure. Transformational leaders stimulate their followings to believe ‘out of the box ‘ by heightening productive and explorative thought ( Sosik et al. , 1998 ) . Such leaders push their followings to courageously believe about old jobs in new ways, to oppugn their ain values, traditions and beliefs, every bit good as the leader ‘s beliefs and premises ( Bass, 1985 ; Hater & A ; Bass, 1988 ) . Diehl & A ; Stroebe ( 1991 ) illustrate that when group members brainstorm to bring forth advanced and originative attacks to work out jobs at manus, their leader ‘s intellectually stimulating behaviours, statements and attitudes can ease members to pass more clip bring forthing unconventional thoughts eve ry bit good as assist them cut down the possible consequence of rating apprehensiveness, therefore heightening creativeness in groups. When faced with undertakings that require originative thought, squads may either work good together towards a solution or work better separately, depending on their originative thought manners. The sort of support the environment gives a individual besides reflects in the degree of creativeness he may develop. Torrance ( 1965, 1972 ) has found that a non-punitive schoolroom or work environment that focuses on the development and rating of apprehensions while fostering independent idea and geographic expedition tends to heighten thought coevals. This determination supports surveies of organisational clime and productiveness. Research indicates that a positive organisational clime that is supportive of originative attempts and encouraging of action tends to ease scientific productiveness. ( Taylor, 1963, 1972 ) . Pelz ( 1956 ) found that environments that encourage interaction, liberty and production of cognition led to originative accomplishment. On the other manus, environments characterized by misgiving, deficiency of communicating, limited liberty and equivocal ends inhibited scientific invention. ( Mumford & A ; Gustafson, 1988 ) Sternberg ( 2003 ) proposes several facets of interactions that might make or decrease the originative urge. Groups that compete against one another do much better than groups that compete within themselves. The squad construct is stronger than the endurance of the fittest construct of competition. As good, when an employee feels that he will be evaluated for his creativeness, the sum of invention appears to decrease. Many other surveies have been done on a scope of managerial actions that might act upon creativeness and invention in the workplace. Shalley & A ; Gilson ( 2004 ) pointed out the negative effects of close supervising and the value of support in their survey on social/ organisational influences on originative work. Reiter-Palmon and Illies ( 2003 ) focused on cognitive influences, observing the importance of managerial actions that increase information handiness and supply the clip needed to work through jobs. With respect to motivation and honoring originative work, different places surface. One is that extrinsic wagess such as wage inducements, publicities, acknowledgment, etc. diminish creativeness ( Collins & A ; Amabile, 1999 ) while another place holds that extrinsic wagess can heighten creativeness ( Eisenberg & A ; Cameron, 1996 ) . Baer et Al ( 2003 ) suggest that occupation complexness and people ‘s originative job work outing manner, specifically adaptation versus invention, interact in finding the effects of wagess. Therefore, a leader should be able to supply a scope of wagess but more on making conditions likely to further intrinsic motive. No affair how great a squad gets in footings of invention, originative civilizations maintain on oppugning things. They want to cognize how to make things even better and are low plenty to cognize that they are continuously turning and larning and ever in demand of feedback and new information ( Robinson, 2011 ) .Empowering LeadershipThe literature suggests that leaders have much to make in promoting creativeness in their employees. Mumford & A ; Licuanan ( 2004 ) have summarized conditions that shape the impact of leader behaviour on creativeness and invention. These include the creativeness of their followings ; work group processes guided by lucidity of aims, accent on quality, engagement and support for invention ; leader control of wagess ; occupation features such as occupation complexness and challenge ; and organisational clime and construction. Mumford, Connelly, & A ; Gaddis, ( 2003 ) place that leaders should possess significant proficient and professional expertness every bit good as significant originative thought accomplishments. These research workers argue that originative idea on the portion of leaders begin with rating of their followings ‘ thoughts. This rating stimulates brainstorming attempts of both leaders and followings where thought coevals becomes active. Followings ‘ thoughts are reshaped and reformed based on their leader ‘s expertness and professional experiences ( Mumford & A ; Licuanan, 2004 ) . Invention can merely be possible if imaginativeness and creativeness have been cultivated in an organisation, and this needs to be initiated by organisational leaders. Leaderships should foster a civilization where everyone ‘s thoughts are valued and keep a balance of freedom to experiment and an in agreement system of rating. By and large, they facilitate a harmonious relationship between the external and internal civilizations, with the external civilization consisting of â€Å" technological inventions, population alteration, new forms of trade, fluctuation in financial and pecuniary policies, planetary competition, the increasing strains on natural resources and the effects of all of these on how clients and clients are believing and experiencing † ( Robinson, 2011, p. 98 ) . Internal civilization involves societal behaviors and patterns accepted in the organisation which gives it its typical feel. It can be said that it is how things are normally done in the organis ation. The leader of the organisation has three chief functions in developing a civilization of creativeness viz. the personal, group and cultural functions. These functions feed into each other and may sometimes overlap in order to enrich creativeness ( Robinson, 2011 ) . Robinson ( 2011 ) explains that the leader needs to be able to ease the originative abilities of every member of the organisation. Admiting that each member has originative potency, the leader should let them to take part in some maps that entail sharing of their thoughts, as some of these may be really helpful to the organisation. It will besides do them experience valued because they are given the chance to do a worthy part to the organisation. Aside from being participative, members are besides encouraged to larn more accomplishments that would non merely profit the organisation but their ain egos. Creative leaders advocate womb-to-tomb acquisition and create chances for their members to continuously and systematically prosecute in it. Fostering inventive heads leads to innovation which finally comes back to the company ( Robinson, 2011 ) . Creative leaders do non hold prejudices against anyone and welcomes diverseness. They believe that each individual has something to take to the tabular array due to their diverse backgrounds. Hence, their openness attracts more people, irrespective of their background and skill degree, to fall in their originative squad. These people anticipate coaction with each other in order to come up with advanced schemes that will profit the organisation and convey it higher than its rivals. Creative leaders besides know that their squad members have assorted work penchants in order to unleash their creativeness and supply environments that encourage it. Leaderships should be cognizant of their followings ‘ preferable manner of processing of originative idea to be better able to pull off groups and incorporate the distinguishable processing manners that characterize the work of the many different people involved in real-world originative attempts ( Basaur, 2004 ) . This is why dynamism is consistent. Creative civilizations thrive on environments that are alive and free ( Robinson, 2011 ) . Jaussi and Dionne ( 2003 ) indicated that unconventional behaviour of leaders expressed through function mold, articulation of a originative mission and the constitution of a originative group individuality wholly contributed to employee creativeness. Zhou and George ( 2003 ) besides argue that by determining the emotional responses of followings to the jobs and challenges posed by originative undertakings, leaders stimulate their followings ‘ problem-solving and intrinsic motive needed for originative work. This suggests that leaders of originative people should non merely possess societal and emotional intelligence and an ability for rapid accommodation of affect and affect framing should it be required, but besides cognize how to excite their followings intellectually. This establishes the originative individuality of their group.Emotional Intelligence and the Creative LeaderZhou & A ; George ( 2003 ) propose that the root of creativity-supportive leading is emotional intell igence. They argue that leaders play a important function in rousing and furthering creativeness in organisational members both through their ain behaviours and actions and through making a work environment that supports and encourages creativeness. In peculiar, emotional intelligence enables leaders to rouse, promote, and support creativeness among employees in organisations. Leaderships high on emotional intelligence cognize how to utilize emotion to assist their employees jumpstart the cognitive procedures that underlie job designation and chance acknowledgment. Zhou and George ( 2003 ) illustrate that when persons are in positive tempers, their optimistic temperaments surface and they feel more confident in confronting new chances or go dismissive of jobs. However, when they are in negative tempers, they tend to be more pessimistic yet more readily able to observe errors and mistakes and place jobs ( Bower, 1981 ; Salovey & A ; Birnbaum, 1989 ) . Emotionally intelligent leaders use their cognition of these effects of tempers to rouse their employees ‘ creativeness through affect timing and affect balance. Positive tempers can be taken advantage of by holding followings think up of possible chances and have adequate optimism to visualize betterment and success. On the other manus, negative tempers can be exploited by imparting it in the way of job acknowledgment and originative job resolution, finally heightening the person ‘s ego regard with the recognition of his part alternatively of gradual backdown from the workplace. Even defeat of a worker due to a job-related job, can be utilized by emotionally intelligent leaders. Both can convulse out the issues and causes of such negative emotion and finally assist the employee to go cognizant of the job and follow a more proactive demeanour in creatively work outing it ( Zhou & A ; George, 2003 ) . Conflicts are bound to originate in groups particularly when garnering information for originative undertakings. Different personalities and backgrounds, degree of creativeness accomplishments and cognition may ensue in dissensions on the criterions and boundaries of information to seek. Leaderships with high emotional intelligence are able to pull off followings ‘ emotions, and aid followings achieve a productive balance. More specifically, leaders with high emotional intelligence can accurately feel when followings are losing forbearance or going frustrated with non being able to obtain necessary resources, and when followings become happy and satisfied with their advancement prematurely. Because a leader with high emotional intelligence understands the causes and effects of emotions, he is likely to place the ground why his followings experience both positive and negative tempers. His accurate perceptual experiences enable him to pull off and equilibrate the negative and pos itive emotions and successfully nudge the employee to prevail in garnering information and remaining on-task. Emotional intelligence will assist leaders in promoting their followings to be unfastened to new acquisition, and approach new undertakings with enthusiasm and optimism instead than with trepidation and apprehension. It may besides go on that followings can be excessively excited about new information that they remain in the information assemblage phase without any clear ends or attempts to utilize the information in originative enterprises. Leaderships high on emotional intelligence are able to pull off their followings ‘ tempers so they achieve a balance and concentrate alternatively of being carried off by their ain exuberance ( Zhou & A ; George, 2003 ) . Emotionally intelligent leaders are to the full cognizant that execution of originative thoughts may affect both positive and negative emotions throughout the procedure and employees may be on an 'emotional roller-coaster ‘ . These leaders provide their followings with the appropriate encouragement and flexibleness and a corporate sense of ownership. The demand to be flexible themselves should be addressed by leaders and they should be willing to abandon a program when a more superior and originative thought is born. In state of affairss when negative emotions associated with ownership issues in thought execution emerge, leaders should be able to pull off such emotions so that negative feelings will non adversely affect the thought execution procedure. Such leaders will hold the emotional know-how to steer their followings and themselves through this hard and ambitious procedure, all the piece being unfastened to the possibility of farther alterations and betterments and stress ing corporate ownership for ultimate results ( Zhou & A ; George, 2003 ) .